John Evers Cuff rose from immigrant boy (or
young man) to newspaper publisher and mayor of St. Catharines, Ontario. He was born in Manchester, Lancashire,
England on March 5 in the year 1834,1 assuming that he was
christened shortly after his birth.
Records from the Parish Church of Manchester show that John Cuff, son of
John Cuff and Catherine Cuff, nee Ivers, was baptized on March 23, 1834.2 According to a newspaper article published on
his re-election as mayor in 1888, John E. spent some time in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania before coming to Canada.
 |
| John Evers Cuff(e) |
The earliest records of John E. in Canada show that he
was working as a printer. In 1856, he
was foreman of the Semi-Weekly Post
published by Grant, Skully & Company.3 According to Junius, a columnist in the St. Catharines Journal, this publication
was a reform paper (not radical but “stern reform that advocates the just
rights of the people”). In 1862, his
work as a printer brought him a taxable income of $300.4
By 1861 John E. was married, living in a
one-story frame house, and had three daughters with ages ranging from one to
four years. John’s wife was Jane Sinnett4
or Sennett,5 who probably was the daughter of Michael Sinnett6 and Margaret Pepper.4 John and Jane eventually had nine children,
all of whom were born in St. Catharines.
They were:
Catherine Cuff(e) was born on August 3, 1857 and died on August 11, 1936 in
Denver, Colorado, USA.4 She married Francis Henry Paradice.7
Margaret Cuff(e) was born on June 17, 1859,8 and died on May 21,
1952 in Denver, Colorado, USA.8 On
August 19, 1878, she married George
Scott Havens, son of William
Mary Ann Havens,9 in St. Catharines. Subsequently, she married John Hayden10 on December
4, 1924 in Denver, Colorado.
Elizabeth (Eliza or Liza) Cuff(e) was
born in about June 186011, 12 and died on September 9,
1952. She was buried
in Victoria Lawn Cemetery, St. Catharines.13 Eliza married Alexander Warren Huffaker,
an American from Kentucky, on March 30, 1892 in Denver, Colorado.14 He was a carpenter and
home-builder. The Huffakers lived in
Denver until at least 1920.
Mary Etta Cuff(e) was born about 186315 and died in St. Catharines
on June 9, 1936.13 She married
William Hamilton Vosburg, son of John Vosburg and Catherine Crowley, in St.
Catharines on June 21, 1888.16 He died on October 10, 1924.17 Mary subsequently married Benjamin Widdicombe, a widower from
Portsmouth, England,18 on November 6, 1926. The marriage took place in St. Catharines.
Dora Cuffe
was born about October 9, 186415, 19 and died in St.
Catharines on April 12, 1931.20
She never married.
Joseph E. Cuff was born in about January 1865.15, 21 He immigrated to the United States, where he
worked as a plumber and electrician. He
became a naturalized U.S. citizen on October 20, 1890 in New York City.22 Joseph married Hattie Allen, an American from Kansas and daughter of
Benjamin Allen and Mary Moore. The
marriage took place in Denver, Colorado on December 6, 1888.23 Joseph and Hattie had at least five children:
Dora Maude, Anna, Jane, John Evers and William Allen.24
Emma Cuffe
was born about June 17, 186615, 19 and died in St. Catharines on August 24, 1957.13 She never married.
John Cuff was born in about 186815 and died in St. Catharines on September 5,
1872 at the age of about four.13
James Francis Cuff was born on January 6, 1872.25 On June 28, 1892, he married Lillian P. Soby,26
daughter of Thomas and Theresa Soby, in Picton, Prince Edward County,
Ontario. Subsequently, he immigrated to
the United States. He was naturalized as
US citizen in New York City on August 1, 1900.27 James then married Mattie E. Knowlton, a native of New York and daughter of Charles H. Knowlton and Martha Haines. The marriage took place in Manhattan, New York
City, on April 9, 1901.28 James
worked as a bar tender in New York City.27 He and Mattie later made their home in
Buffalo, New York.
John Evers Cuff continued work
as a printer for much of his life. A
biological sketch printed in about 1888 notes, “Mr. Cuff is a practical
printer, and after working at the business for some years acquired an interest
in 1856 in the St. Catharines Journal,
and in conjunction with S. Montgomery, has published that paper and
conducted an extensive job printing business ever since.”1 However, it is unlikely that John E. “acquired
an interest” in the Journal as early
as 1856. An obituary states that he
served “his apprenticeship under Editor Seymour, of the Constitution. Later he was
associated with the late Samuel Montgomery and William Grant in the management
and operation of the Evening Journal.”
A second obituary states that he entered
the Journal in 1860 as news editor.
His service as news editor
suggests that John E. had some talent for writing. The
Revival in St Catharines by J.H. Durham,29
provides an example of his writing, assuming that it correctly attributes an
article on a revival preacher to John E.
The article also hints at John E.’s religious convictions. The book says,
…we
may be pardoned for introducing an able article, from the pen of Mr. John E.
Cuff, one of the editors of the Evening
Journal, descriptive of the general management of
the meetings, and although written some time after the period of which we are
now writing, it is so well and graphically written, and so thoroughly truthful
and accurate, that it will serve as a description of the whole, and hence we
deem this its proper place, in order that the reader may see
at once what is to follow:
“Rev. E.P.
Hammond, who may justly be styled the celebrated revival preacher and modern
evangelist, has now been laboring in this city for nearly four weeks, and his
work has been singularly blessed in results.
His method hardly does justice to the man's brilliant literary
acquirements and deep biblical research, yet he has no doubt carefully chosen
this method, first, for its great simplicity; second, adaptability to reach the
popular heart; third, for its truth. He
conducts services three times a day, or has done so until very lately. His plan is to keeping moving all the
time—never to rest until such an interest has been awakened that people begin
to think and reflect upon their own lives and what the future has in store tor
them if they do not forsake sin. He
possesses a wonderful knowledge of human nature, born of many years' work
amongst men of all classes of society and extensive travel. He has a robust frame, which is well cared for
according to hygienic principles, and an eye like an eagle to detect where and
when his preaching has reached its mark.
“We
will take his evening meetings as a fair sample of the way he conducts service. Long before the time appointed—seven o'clock—crowds
of people begin to flock in, no matter what the state of the weather. The clergymen, reporters and others take their
places on the platform, and at the stroke of seven the choir begins a gospel
hymn and the grand notes of the organ swell the anthem, filling the entire
edifice with melody. Then the audience join
in and the effect is grand and inspiring.
A prayer is then offered up, generally by some local minister. By this time Rev. Mr. Hammond appears on the
scene and a song of praise swells up. Mr.
H. then makes a prayer, in which he asks the audience to join. The interest by this time is fully awakened,
the gospel ground has been plowed up, and the preacher is ready to begin the
sowing of the seed. This he does by
reading perhaps a portion of the Old Testament or from one of the gospels or
epistles. He keeps up a running fire of
commentary between the lines, tells a story about people he has met, or recites
a poem. But whatever he does has an
application, and is applied to the work in hand in the most direct and simple
manner, so that all may understand. After
this there is more singing, and then the preacher goes into what may be called
the ‘solid meats’ of the gospel truth. He
gives his text and elaborates it. Sometimes
it is a set sermon, sometimes an exhortation; again it is a lecture, or a
mixture of all three. Dovetailed in
every direction are stories thrilling and startling in their intensity. They are told with wonderful effect, voice,
action and dramatic power. With every
story is an application, not only to the text, but to the people before him, as
an exhortation or a warning. In
everything he says and does there is a method and a purpose, and it is simply
perfect. He is a general in every sense
of the word in his work, and hence his power and his remarkable success. He is never lost for words. He never wastes any time. His army of laborers are well grounded in the
work required of them, and everything moves like a well constructed piece of
mechanism, the motive power being that Christ came into the world to save
sinners—that He died upon the cross—that God loves all his people, and that it
is but necessary to repent and believe, and salvation will follow humble and
contrite hearts in the service of the Saviour.
“By
this time the gospel ground has not only been ploughed, but harrowed, and the
seeds of truth plentifully sown, and the next effort is to warm the germs of
seedlings of truth into life. An invitation
is extended to men to visit the lecture room in rear of the church, where some
experienced Christians will, in a few words, tell what Christ has done for them. Then sinners will be invited to come to the
Saviour, and they come, some tearfully, some prayerfully, but all humble and
contrite in heart. They are invited,
after a prayer for their awakening, to sign the following covenant:
________________________________________________________________________
I, the
undersigned, hope I have found Jesus to be my precious Saviour, and I promise,
with His help, to live as His loving child and faithful servant all my life.
“I
will make an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn away from
them to do them good; but I will put my fear in their hearts, that they will
not depart from me.”
--
Jer. xxxii. 40.
________________________________________________________________________
“While
this work is progressing in the lecture room, the work in the church has not
been idle with the main body of worshippers.
Exhorters speak to those who may be anxious; and an appeal made to them
to make an acknowledgment of their sins, and enter upon the better life of a
Christian. The choir in the meantime has
been divided into two sections, which keep up a constant strain of the sweet
refrains of gospel hymns. The sweet voices
of women's and children's treble mix and blend to Heaven with the more sonorous
and robust, but not less pleading tones of the men, and the grand notes of the
powerful organ swell the praise in sweet unison. The meeting in the lecture room lasts perhaps
half an hour, with singing, prayer and experience. An adjournment is then made to the church. Here Mr. Hammond generally reads letters
which have been sent to him by those who have profited by his lessons. Many are from children, but oftentimes from adults. They contain sweet and touching lines. They speak of good received. They contain requests for prayer for father,
brother, sister or mother.
“The
experience meeting is next in order, and this perhaps is the most touching of
all. Young and old men, moved by some mysterious
power, which we candidly believe to be the Holy Spirit, quickened into life by
the preaching of God's word, come forward and tell their experience. Hearts which have been long calloused and
hardened against belief in the precious pardoning power of the Saviour speak of
how they feel under new impressions. Some
who have come prepared if not to mock, yet to resist, are melted into
submission, and weep and pray for help at the throne of grace. The stories which most of these people tell
are very original in simplicity, direct in statement, and carry conviction to
the most obtuse mind that they have felt some mysterious power which has
brought peace to the mind or awakened long dormant feelings into a quickening
power which brings peace and joy in its train.”
In 1873, John E. Cuff was listed
in the Lacroix Canadian Guide as a
“prominent citizen” of St. Catharines. He had become involved in local politics by
1874, when he first served on City Council.
He was not on the council in 1875, but he was elected again in 1876 and
served as alderman through 1886. He
became mayor in 1887 and 1888, took a respite until 1891, and again was elected
to City Council in 1891 and 1892. During
his second term as alderman (1876), the City of St. Catharines was incorporated
under Ontario Statues 1876, 39 Vic. C.46, and a new election was called for
May. John E. was re-elected at that
time.
The St. Catharines City Council
minutes30 for 1886 show that John E. Cuff was alderman for St. James
Ward. He acted as Chairman of the
Committee to Name Standing Committees and also served on the Finance; Fire,
Water and Gas Committee; Cemetery Committee; and a special committee to look
into erecting swimming baths. He was
involved in a petition for the City to aid the St. Catharines and Niagara
Central Railway and another petition to reduce laborers’ hours from ten to
eight. He presented a motion to send
$100 to the City of Vancouver for relief following its near destruction by
fire.
In 1887, John E. Cuff was
elected mayor. Historically, the office
of mayor was not a paid position.
According to Lacroix Canadian
Guide (1873): “The Mayor receives no
salary, but is generally allowed a bonus of $100 a year…”
The minutes of the first meeting
of the new Council on January 17, 1887, describe John E.’s address upon
assuming the mayor’s chair:
His Worship on taking
his seat addressed the council at some length, returning thanks for the honour
conferred upon him in returning him by acclamation for the present year, and
dwelt at considerable length upon the present Financial Condition of the City
and gave some valuable suggestions in regard to future improvements and other
matters in reference to our city.
While serving his second term as
mayor in 1888, John E. was called to testify before the Royal Commission on the
Relations of Labor and Capital in Canada.
This commission was formed “for the purpose of enquiring into and
reporting upon the subject of Labor, its relation to Capital, the hours of
labor, and the earnings of laboring men and women, and the means of promoting
their material, social, intellectual and moral prosperity, and of improving and
developing the productive industries of the Dominion so as to advance and
improve the trade and commerce of Canada; also, of enquiring into and reporting
on the practical operations of Courts of Arbitration and Conciliation in the
settlement of disputes between employers and employees, and on the best mode of
settling such disputes; also, of enquiring into and reporting on the expediency
of placing all such matters as are to form the subjects of such enquiry under
the administration of one of the Ministers of the Crown.”
John E.’s testimony shows him to
be a skillful politician with answers that reflect positively on his city and
by extension himself as mayor. At the
same time he shows that he is a businessman but retains some sympathy for
laborers and immigrants, perhaps because he remembers his own origins. An excerpt from his testimony follows: 31
Q. You are Mayor of the city? JEC:
Yes.
Q. We want to enquire about the sanitary
condition of the city generally? JEC: Well, it is in a fair way of being exceedingly
good.32 Extensive drainage
operations have been commenced, and will be continued the next three or four
years, then we will be in very good shape. We have a very fine system of waterworks,
probably the purest water and best supply in the country, so far as I know. Analysis recently made shows it to be almost
without trace of impurity.
Q. What is the condition of trade? JEC: Trade has been very fair this year. There has been manifest improvement in nearly
all branches of manufacturing business during the past year.
Q. Has the condition of working people improved
in this locality? JEC: I think so; I have not
heard any complaints in that direction.
Q. Has labor organization anything to do with
their improvement? JEC: I think it has improved
the labor people themselves. I think the various organizations they had have
been beneficial to them as a class.
Q. What is the general condition of the working
people here – their circumstances? JEC: They are very fair.
Q. Do they appear to
be comfortable in their homes? JEC: Yes.
Q. Have you many cases of application for
assistance? JEC: Not more than what
would be the average in an ordinary place of this size.
Q. Do you find that those people who apply for
assistance from the city are a class who would bring that distress on
themselves? JEC: Some of them are, and some of them from being out of work
through sickness, &c.
Q. Are they principally men or women? JEC: Principally women who make applications for
relief.
Q. Some of them widows, with families? JEC:
Yes; and some with intemperate husbands.
Q. There is not very
great extent of poverty existing amongst the people here? JEC: No.
Q. Do you notice, in the case of immigrants
coming to the city and this district, many people who would be called paupers,
or who would become a charge on the county or city? JEC: There have been a few,
but very few.
Q. Do you have many immigrants settle in this
neighborhood? JEC: This last year or two
not a great many that I know of. There
may have been quite a number go out through the country, but not in the city,
that I know of; though they might be here without my knowledge.
Q. They have not come before you, to any extent,
as applicants for assistance? JEC:
No.
Q. Do you find in St. Catharines many of the
working people go and hang around bars? JEC:
Yes; quite a large number, but I find also, as far as this locality is
concerned, a general increase in sobriety.
Q. Can you attribute that to any particular
cause? JEC: Well, I don't know what
cause it is due to. It may be due
somewhat to the labor organizations, which endeavor to promote temperance. I think it is a leading platform in their
societies that they shall be strictly temperate, and that would only produce
good results.
Q. Did you ever notice a tendency amongst
workingmen to waste time they have to themselves, speaking generally of the
whole class? JEC: They have so little
time to themselves, excepting Sundays, I don't see how they could.
Q. Do you think, then, if workmen had more
leisure they would be inclined to waste it or employ it usefully? JEC:
I don't see why they should not, if
means were provided. I think, for
instance, the establishment of a free library in a place is quite an inducement
to people to spend their time profitably.
Q. You have no library here? JEC:
Yes; we have a good library. We have
just made it free.
Q. Do the people of St. Catharines take general
advantage of it? JEC: A great many do. It has not been free in the past, but we are
now organizing it.
Q. Have you any idea of what proportion of the
readers are workingmen or their families? JEC:
I think there are a large number of them.
_______________________________________
In 1892, John E. retired from
politics and was appointed Collector of Customs. He served in that capacity for 20 years. The various Sessional Papers of the Canadian Parliament list Customs Collectors
and their salaries. John E. earned $975
in 1908 and $1,500 in 1911.33
The various Sessional Papers
show the spelling of his surname as “Cuffe.”
Apart from his careers in
newspapers, politics and Customs, John E. was a member of various military,
civic, and social organizations. During
the 1860s, he served in the militia. In
1864 his service was First Class, and in 1865 it was Second Class.34 The Canadian Almanac of
1874 listed John E. Cuff as District Deputy Grand Patriarch of the Independent
Order of Oddfellows, Union Encampment No. 1.
Later in life he
was a member of the St. Catharines Lawn Bowling Club, which boasted “…a great
deal of pleasure is anticipated by members of the club in being able to furnish
to their friends from other clubs one of the most perfect and picturesque
bowling greens in the Dominion. To all this should be added the advantage of
imbibing – ad libitum – foaming goblets of ice-cold aerated St. Catharines mineral
water to assuage their thirst and rectify any temporary derangement of the
organic machinery.”35
John
Evers Cuffe died in St. Catharines on May 17, 1912.36
An obituary noted, “The death occurred
at his home on Queen Street this morning of John Evers Cuffe; one of the most
prominent citizens of the old days of St. Catharines. He had been in failing health for the past
year or a little more, but had not been actually ill until a day or so ago and
his decline since then was very rapid.”
He was buried in the family plot in Victoria Lawn Cemetery.
One other interesting – and
probably terrifying – incident in John E.’s life deserves mention. In August 1879 he was a passenger on the
propeller Persia, travelling between
St. Catharines and Montreal. At one o’clock
on the morning of August 13, the Persia was run into by another vessel that
apparently was travelling without lights.
According to a report in the Daily
British Whig:
The first injury done
was when the vessel's jibboom caught the propeller on the forward rigging,
tearing away two of her shrouds, and at the same time carrying away the
jibboom. The vessel then made a wild
plunge, and the bowsprit took the propeller amidships, and tore off the roofing
of the hurricane deck all the way aft. The
greatest blow was received when the vessel's bow struck the Persia abreast of
the boiler, on the starboard side, wrenching and displacing the strong iron
supports for the boiler. The cabin was
badly smashed in, and as the berths were all fully occupied by passengers
(sixty-five of such being on board) it is miraculous that the collision and its
attendant crash caused none of the wounds, bruises or other casualties which
follow unfortunate accidents of this kind. The passengers remained unusually cool and
acted with great judgement and presence of mind under the circumstances.37
The passengers eventually were rescued and
taken to their destination by the propeller City
of St. Catharines. This ship had
been built under the supervision of George Paradice, whose son Frank had
married John E.’s daughter Catherine the previous August.
1 Ontario Ministry of
Consumer and Commercial Relations, Information Extracted for Genealogy -
Death - John Evers Cuffe, Ontario Vital Records. Registration #
1912-05-01989.
2 Parish Church of
Manchester (Manchester, Lancashire, England), Births, Marriages, Burials,
"Baptisms 1834," John Cuff
Baptism, page 137; digital images, The
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/
: accessed 9 Apr 2014).
3 Phelps, O.S.
“Junius”. 1856. “A Walk around Town ‘P’” in St. Catharines A to Z. Columns originally from the St. Catharines Journal. Published by the St. Catharines and Lincoln
Historical Society, 1967.
4 Certificate of
Death - Catherine Cuffe Paradice (Photocopy of original supplied by Colorado Vital Statistics (City
& County of Denver).
5 Information Extracted for Genealogy - Death –
Jane Cuffe, Ontario Vital
Records. Registration # 1914-05-019903.
6 Gert Howell (New
York) to Annette Smith, e-mail, 5 Nov 2011.
7 Province
of Ontario, Vital Registrations (Births, Deaths and Marriages), Images
available online at www.ancestry.ca or photocopies through the Family History
Library, Lincoln Co. Schedule B - Marriages, page 619, record #005866.
8 Hayden, Margaret
C. Funeral Card. (Moore Mortuary, 1952).
9 Province of
Ontario, Vital Registrations (Births, Deaths and Marriages), Images available
online at www.ancestry.ca or photocopies through the Family History Library,
Lincoln Co. Schedule B - Marriages, page 619, record #005865.
10 Colorado Division
of Vital Statistics, Department of Health, Statewide Marriage Index 1900-1939;
digital images [online], The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org).
11 1861 Ontario Census
St. Catharines (ED 4, No.
5, p. 55, lines 36-41 Sworn 11 March 1861).
12 US Census 1900
T1035 #50. Portions originally viewed at
National Archives, Denver Federal Center. Also viewed at Ancestry.com images
online, ED 78, Sheet 7, Line 24.
13 Claridge, C.,
Clerk, Letter to Mr. Alan T. Holden, City of St. Catharines, ON. December 16, 1981, forwarded to Annette
Smith. (Letter is a listing of the death information and burial locations for
the Cuffe family. Data from cemetery
records.).
14 Colorado Division
of Vital Statistics, Department of Health, Statewide Marriage Index 1900-1939,
12777; digital images, The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org).
15 1871 Ontario Census, St. Catharines, #9922, b 4, page 22.
16 Province of
Ontario, Vital Registrations (Births, Deaths and Marriages), Images available
online at www.ancestry.ca or photocopies through the Family History Library,
Lincoln Co. 1888 Schedule B - Marriages, page 318, record #007071.
17 Province of
Ontario, Vital Registrations (Births, Deaths and Marriages), Images available
online at www.ancestry.ca or photocopies through the Family History Library,
Lincoln. Co., St. Catharines 1924 Deaths, page 330, registration #020025.
18 Province of
Ontario, Vital Registrations (Births, Deaths and Marriages), Images available
online at www.ancestry.ca or photocopies through the Family History Library,
Lincoln. Co., St. Catharines, 1881 Marriages, page 285, #006411.
19 1901 Census of
Canada (Images online at http://www.automatedgenealogy.com/census/index.html. Accessed 5 Sep 2004.), Schedule 1 Microfilm
T-6480, Lincoln & Niagara (#85), St. Catharines City k-8, page 15
20 Ancestry.com,
"Ontario Canada Deaths, 1869-1938 and Overseas Deaths, 1939-1947,"
database and images, Ancestry.com (http://home.ancestry.com), Dora Cuffe
#022138.
21 1900 US Census,
New York, New York, New
York County. Supervisor's District 1, ED 980, Sheet 18, Lines 57-61. Images online at Ancestry.com.
22 US National
Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region, New York Petitions
for Naturalization [database on-line]., Provo, UT, USA: The Generations
Network, Inc., 2004. Images online at Ancestry.com, Bundle No. 459, Record No.
118. Original data: Soundex Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in
Federal, State, and Local Courts located in New York City, 1792-1906. New York,
NY, USA: National Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region.
23 Colorado Division
of Vital Statistics, Department of Health, Statewide Marriage Index 1900-1939,
6834; digital images, The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org).
24 Lida Paradice LeBert
had a photograph of two little girls identified (on the back) as Maudie and
Hattie Cuff, which suggests the existence of another daughter, who apparently
died in early childhood.
25 Province of
Ontario, Vital Registrations (Births, Deaths and Marriages), Images available
online at www.ancestry.ca or photocopies through the Family History Library,
Lincoln Co. 1872 Births, page 203, record #014403.
26 The Ontario marriage
record is difficult to read. Her surname
could have been Toby or Loby.
27 US National Archives and
Records Administration, Northeast Region, New York Petitions for
Naturalization [database on-line]., Provo, UT, USA: The Generations
Network, Inc., 2004. Images online at Ancestry.com, Bundle 149, Record No. 21.
Original data: Soundex Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in Federal,
State, and Local Courts located in New York City, 1792-1906. New York, NY, USA:
National Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region.
28 New York.
Department of Health. Division of Vital Statistics, "New York Marriages,
1686-1980, Index," database, Discover Your Family History (https://www.familysearch.org
: accessed 1 Jul 211), James Cuffe and Mattie Knowlton married 9 Apr 1901, FHL
Microfilm 1570448; Index entries derived from digital copies of original and
compiled records.
29 Durham, J.H. 1880. The Revival in St Catharines, A Brief
History of the Great Work, from Its Inception to Its Close, under the
Leadership of the Rev. E. P. Hammond and the Pastors of the Methodist,
Presbyterian and Baptist Churches, Aided by the Power of the Holy Spirit.
St. Catharines, Ontario: Burgoyne & Sherwood.
30 St. Catharines (Ontario) Clerk.
Minutes of the Municipal Council, 1845-1899. Filmed by the Genealogical Society of
Utah. Family History Library FHL US/CAN Film 170223 (Minutes 1886-1891).
31 Canada. Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and
Capital. 1889. pp. 923-926 in Report of the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital in
Canada, Volume 2. Ottawa: A.
Senecal, Queen's Printer.
32 The Lacroix Canadian Guide (1873)
supports the view that St. Catharines
was a clean and attractive city – and had been for some time: “Ornamental trees line nearly all the streets,
which are wide and clean, and vie with their odorant associates in the side
gardens attached to nearly every dwelling in cooling and enchanting the senses.
The public buildings are of brick or stone, and show much architectural beauty;
the private residences are generally very neat and often made lovely by
different lawn and garden arrangements, which display exquisite taste.”
33 Fourth Session of the Tenth Parliament of the Dominion of Canada, 1908,
page F-11. Government of Canada.
First Session of the Twelfth Parliament of the Dominion of Canada,
1912. Report of the Auditor General,
page E‑13. Government of Canada.
34 St. Catharines
(Ontario) Assessor, Assessment Rolls, 1854-1899., Salt Lake City :
Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1958. Assessment rolls 1854-1855, 1857, 1860-1865 -
Family History Library FHL US/CAN Film [ 170226 ].
36 Ancestry.com,
"Ontario Canada Deaths, 1869-1938 and Overseas Deaths, 1939-1947,"
database and images, Ancestry.com (http://home.ancestry.com), Cuffe,
John Evers # 1912-05-019898.
